636 research outputs found
Individual GRB sensitivity of a cubic-kilometer deep-sea neutrino telescope KM3NeT
Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are powerful and highly variable sources of gamma rays
that indicate the existence of cosmic particle accelerators. Under the
assumption of hadronic acceleration in the jet, the expected neutrino energy
spectrum is derived according to the intrinsic fireball model parameters and to
the observed electromagnetic data of GRBs measured with ground-based and
satellite observations. Using the performance characteristics of a
cubic-kilometre scale neutrino detector placed in the Mediterranean Sea, the
number of events is calculated individually for all the GRBs having a known
redshift below the horizon of this detector. The good angular resolution of
this detector and the narrow time windows around the GRB detection time allow
suppression of almost all the atmospheric neutrino background. From the SWIFT
GRB catalogue, we have derived the mean characteristics of a burst in order to
be detected as an individual point source by a cubic-kilometre detector.Comment: 4 pages proceeding for the Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes
VLVNT 0
Searches for Point Sources of High Energy Cosmic Neutrino with the ANTARES Telescope
The ANTARES observatory is currently the largest neutrino telescope in the
Northern Hemisphere. It is well suited to detect high energy neutrinos produced
in astrophysical sources as it can observe a full hemisphere of the sky at all
the times with a high duty cycle and an angular resolution about 0.4 degrees.
Due to its location in the South of France, ANTARES is sensitive to up-going
neutrinos from many potential galactic sources in the TeV to PeV energy regime.
Results from a time-integrated unbinned method as well as the sensitivity of
the detector using 2007-2010 data are presented. Moreover, using a
time-dependent search for the transient sources, the background rejection and
point-source sensitivity can be drastically improved by selecting a narrow time
window around the assumed neutrino production period. The gamma-ray light
curves of blazars measured by the LAT instrument on-board the Fermi satellite
reveal important time variability information. A strong correlation between the
gamma-ray and the neutrino fluxes is expected in a hadronic scenario. First
results on the search for ten bright and variable Fermi sources with the 2008
ANTARES data are also presented.Comment: Proceeding for the EPS-HEP2011 conferenc
Sensitivity studies for the cubic-kilometre deep-sea neutrino telescope KM3NeT
The observation of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources would
substantially improve our knowledge and understanding of the non-thermal
processes in these sources, and would in particular pinpoint the accelerators
of cosmic rays. The sensitivity of different design options for a future
cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea is
investigated for generic point sources and in particular for some of the
galactic objects from which TeV gamma emmission has recently been observed by
the H.E.S.S. atmospheric Cherenkov telescope. The effect of atmospheric
background on the source detection probabilities has been taken into account
through full simulation. The estimated event rates are compared to previous
results and limits from present neutrino telescopes.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, contribution of the 30th International Cosmic Ray
conferenc
Arrested phase separation in reproducing bacteria: a generic route to pattern formation?
We present a generic mechanism by which reproducing microorganisms, with a
diffusivity that depends on the local population density, can form stable
patterns. It is known that a decrease of swimming speed with density can
promote separation into bulk phases of two coexisting densities; this is
opposed by the logistic law for birth and death which allows only a single
uniform density to be stable. The result of this contest is an arrested
nonequilibrium phase separation in which dense droplets or rings become
separated by less dense regions, with a characteristic steady-state length
scale. Cell division mainly occurs in the dilute regions and cell death in the
dense ones, with a continuous flux between these sustained by the diffusivity
gradient. We formulate a mathematical model of this in a case involving
run-and-tumble bacteria, and make connections with a wider class of mechanisms
for density-dependent motility. No chemotaxis is assumed in the model, yet it
predicts the formation of patterns strikingly similar to those believed to
result from chemotactic behavior
Search for neutrinos from transient sources with the ANTARES telescope and optical follow-up observations
The ANTARES telescope has the opportunity to detect transient neutrino
sources, such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae, flares of active
nuclei... To enhance the sensitivity to these sources, we have developed a new
detection method based on the optical follow-up of "golden" neutrino events
such as neutrino doublets coincident in time and space or single neutrinos of
very high energy. The ANTARES Collaboration has therefore implemented a very
fast on-line reconstruction with a good angular resolution. These
characteristics allow to trigger an optical telescope network; since February
2009. ANTARES is sending alert trigger one or two times per month to the two 25
cm robotic telescope of TAROT. This follow-up of such special events would not
only give access to the nature of the sources but also improves the sensitivity
for transient neutrino sources.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 31st ICRC, Lodz, Polan, July
200
Zero Temperature Dynamics of the Weakly Disordered Ising Model
The Glauber dynamics of the pure and weakly disordered random-bond 2d Ising
model is studied at zero-temperature. A single characteristic length scale,
, is extracted from the equal time correlation function. In the pure
case, the persistence probability decreases algebraically with the coarsening
length scale. In the disordered case, three distinct regimes are identified: a
short time regime where the behaviour is pure-like; an intermediate regime
where the persistence probability decays non-algebraically with time; and a
long time regime where the domains freeze and there is a cessation of growth.
In the intermediate regime, we find that , where
. The value of is consistent with that
found for the pure 2d Ising model at zero-temperature. Our results in the
intermediate regime are consistent with a logarithmic decay of the persistence
probability with time, , where .Comment: references updated, very minor amendment to abstract and the
labelling of figures. To be published in Phys Rev E (Rapid Communications), 1
March 199
Dynamical ultrametricity in the critical trap model
We show that the trap model at its critical temperature presents dynamical
ultrametricity in the sense of Cugliandolo and Kurchan [CuKu94]. We use the
explicit analytic solution of this model to discuss several issues that arise
in the context of mean-field glassy dynamics, such as the scaling form of the
correlation function, and the finite time (or finite forcing) corrections to
ultrametricity, that are found to decay only logarithmically with the
associated time scale, as well as the fluctuation dissipation ratio. We also
argue that in the multilevel trap model, the short time dynamics is dominated
by the level which is at its critical temperature, so that dynamical
ultrametricity should hold in the whole glassy temperature range. We revisit
some experimental data on spin-glasses in light of these results.Comment: 7 pages, 4 .eps figures. submitted to J. Phys.
Persistence and survival in equilibrium step fluctuations
Results of analytic and numerical investigations of first-passage properties
of equilibrium fluctuations of monatomic steps on a vicinal surface are
reviewed. Both temporal and spatial persistence and survival probabilities, as
well as the probability of persistent large deviations are considered. Results
of experiments in which dynamical scanning tunneling microscopy is used to
evaluate these first-passage properties for steps with different microscopic
mechanisms of mass transport are also presented and interpreted in terms of
theoretical predictions for appropriate models. Effects of discrete sampling,
finite system size and finite observation time, which are important in
understanding the results of experiments and simulations, are discussed.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, review paper for a special issue of JSTA
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